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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. l W. G. STITT.

PUMP.

N0.426,476. PatentedApr.29,189o.

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W. G. STITT.

PUMP. No. 426,476. A Patented Apr. 29, 1890.

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W. G. STIIT.

PUMP. 'I NO. 426,476. PateDtGdpL 29,1890I ii i-| I( lill w I| `l l [I MF I l,

UNITED STATES PATENT OEETcE.)

IVASI-IINGTON GfSTITT, OF ALLEGIIENY, PENNSYLVANIA.

PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 426,476, dated April 29, 1890.

Application tiled August 3, 1889. Serial No.3l9,629. (No model.)

T @ZZ whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, WASHINGTON G. Sr1rr, a resident of Allegheny, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pumps 5 and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Myinvention relates to hydraulic pumps for compressing air, ammonia, or other gases for refrigerating purposes, or for compressing other fluids, its special object being to provide a simple and compact direct-acting pump which can be operated by the water at the ordinary city pressure, and which, through its construction, insures a direct action of the pump in sustaining the necessary pressure, even Where the air or other fluid compressed is utilized only at intervals.

The special improvements covered by my invention aim at the operation of the valve by such direct action of the reciprocating piston and of the reversing-valve by the waterpressure as controlled by said valve operated by the piston, and to other improvements, all of Which will be particularly hereinafter described and claimed.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention,IWill describe the same more fully, referring to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is alongitudinal central section of the pump embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2 2, Fig. l, the valve being removed. Fig. 3 is a cross-seetion on the line 3 3, Fig. l; and Fig. -t is a longitudinal section on the line 4 .4, Fig. 3.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each ligure.

The pump has the base A, provided with thebottom plate a, into which the supplypipe enters at a', the discharge-'pipe a2 connecting with said plate through the port a3. Said plate has also ports Z) c, forming communication With the chamber B, the port b leading through the pipe h to the base of the hydraulic cylinder D, and the port c leading through the pipe c and through the passage c2 in the top head d of the hydraulic cylinder D to said hydraulic cylinder above the piston E therein. Within the chamber B is the reversingvalve f, which controls the communication .between the several ports l), c, and as, this valve being secured to the valve-rod f, which carries at the ends thereof the pistons f2 f3, respectively, these pistons sliding within the cylindrical chambers l3B2,lea(li1ig out of the chamber The stroke of the pistons is limited by the heads ail a5 at the ends of the chambers B B2, the stroke of the valve f being thus controlled, and the valve as it reciprocates Within the chamber B opening communication from the Water under pressure Within said chamber to the port ZJ, and thence tothe space below the piston E in the cylinder D orto the porto, and thence to thespace above said piston, the movement of the valve also opening communication between said ports c or b, respectively, and the discharge-port a3. The end of the chamber B communicates with the chamber B through the port g and passage g, leading therefrom to the end of the cylindrical chamber B', and the end of the cylindrical chamber B2 communicates with the supply-chamber B through the port 7L and passage h', leading therefrom. These ports g 7i are formed in the plate or disk G, the parts of which are clearly shown in Fig. 3, said disk forming the base of the hydraulic cylinder D, as shown in Figs. l and 4C.

The ports g 7i before referred to are controlled by a reciprocating slide-valve 71;, having recesses k k2 therein, which open communication With exhaust-ports t" and i2, these port-s leading, as shown in Fig. 3, to a downtakc passage fi, which opens into the discharge port or passage ai. The valve 7e alternately uncovers the ports g and 7i, respectively, so as to permit the Water under pressure to pass to the end of the cylindrical chamber communicating therewith, and cuts off such communication from the su15 plycha1nber B, and opens communication from the port g, through the recess 7e', to the discharge-port i', and from the port 7L to the recess k2 to the discharge-port i2, so providing for the operation of the reciprocating valve f according as pressure is admitted to either chamber -3 or B2, above referred to.

The cylinder D is preferably made from tubing, brass tubing' being suitable for the purpose, and it rests Within the flange d of the base A and upon the disk G, before referred to, its top` cylinder-head d being con- IOO lined in place by the binding together of the entire pump, as hereinafter referred to. Above the cylinder-head D is the lower cylinderhead Z of the air-cylinder L, said cylinder having the top cylinder-head m, and the bolts n, connecting the several parts of the pump together, extending from the baseA upwardlyV through the top cylinder-head d of the hydraulic cylinder D and through the cylinderheads Z m of the air-cylinder L, sleeves n itting between the cylinder-heads d and l, and suitable nuts screwing on to said bolts above the top cylinder-head m, and so confining all the parts together. V'Vorking in the hydraulic cylinder D is the piston E, which is secured to the piston-rod e, said piston-rod extending through the stuffing-boxes d Z and having secured at the upper end thereof the compressing-piston M. The lower end of the piston-rod e is formed tubular or hollow, as at e', and has at the base of said hollow portion the inwardly-proj ectin g lip e2, and workin g in said tubular portion e is the bar P, havinga head p at the upper end thereof and carrying a yoke p at the lower end. Pivoted in the disk G is the crank-lever r, one end of which passes through the yoke p at the base ofthe bar l), while the other extends into a seat of the valve 7c. By such construction, when the piston E approaches the upper end of its stroke, the lip e2 strikes the head p of the bar P, and by raising the same causes the crank-lever r to' operate the valve 7s, so closing communication from the supply-chamberB to the cylindrical chamber B and opening communication from said supply-chamber to the cylindrical chamber B2, and lat the same time opening communication between the port g and the exhaust-passage t', and so causing the reverse movement of the valve f, so as to open communication from the supply chamber B, through the port c, to the upper end of the cylinder D, and from the port Z), communicating with the lower end of the cylinder D, to the exhaust-passage 0.3. This causes the reverse movement or stroke of the piston E,

- and the piston descends within its cylinder until the lip e2 comes against the yoke p', thus, through the crank-lever r, throwing the valve 7o to its opposite position, which opens communication from the supply-chamber B to the cylindrical chamber B and from the cylindrical chamber B2 to the exhaust-passage ft2, so reversing the valve f and causing the reversal of the stroke of the piston E.

The air-compressing cylinder has its valves arranged in the upper cylinder-head m, this being preferred for the reason that it gives opportunity for examination and repair of the valves without taking the pump apart.

The inlet-pipe for the upper end of the cylinder is arranged as shown in Fig. l, the upwardly-opening valve S being seated in a valve-chamber s', closed by a screw-plug S2 and having the passage s3, leading from the upper part of said chamber through the upper cylinder-head into the upper part-of -the cylinder, the lower end of the valve-chamber s being open, so as to permit the passage of air into the same when the pump is pumping air. The supply-valve communicating with the lower end of the cylinder L is placed on the upper cylinder-head and is .upwardly opening, as shown at t, said valve t being located in a valvechamber t', opening at its base to the atmosphere and communicating through a passage in said cylinder-head with the pipe t3, leading to the passage t* in the lower cylinder-head Z, opening through said head into the lower end of the cylinder L.

Where the pump is employed for pumping ammonia-gas orl other iiuid supplied to the pump, the supply-pipe can communicate with one or the other valve-chambers s or t and a passage be formed through the upper cylinder-head m to the other valve-chamber, such passage being shown at s4, and the lower end of the valve-chamber being closed by suitable plug.

The discharge-passages from the compressing-cylinder L are preferably arranged in the following way: Opening directly through the top cylinder-head m is the valve-chamber a', controlled by the upwardly-opening valve u, this valve-chamber communicating directly with the discharge-pipe u2 and the valve be ing seated by the pressure within the discharge-pipe and the chamber u. The discharge-passage from thek lower part of the cylinder is formed in the lower cylinder-head Z at o2, said passage communicating with the pipe es, which communicates in turn with the valve-chamber o in the top cylinder-head m, in which is located the upwardly-opening valve c and the passage c4, leading from chamber c to the chamber 'a' above the valve u.

The several valve-chambers above referred to are closed by screw-plugs, as shown, so providing access to all the supply and discharge valves without the necessity of the pump being taken apart, while the valves are all in position easy of access to the attendant.

IOO

IIO

In the operation of the pump as above described the water under pressure is admitted through the supply-opening d', the pump being operated by the pressure of the streetniains, and this pressure being generally about eighty pounds to the square inch. During the upward stroke of the pist-on E the valves are located as shown in Fig. l, the water under pressure passing through the port g and passage g to the end of the cylindrical chamber B and forcing the valve f to the position shown in Fig. l. The water then passes through the port b and pipe b into the lower end of the cylinder D` and forces the piston E upward, this continuing until the lip e2 engages the head b of the bar P, and during this upward stroke the air being drawn into the compressing-cylinder L through the supplyvalve t and forced from said compressing- IZO 4 p from the bar I it raises said bar P, and

through it causes the movement of the cranklever r and the movement of the slide-valve 7c, so cutting off communication from the supply-chamber B to the port g and chamber B,

and opening communication from said portto the exhaust-passage t" and opening the port 71, and permitting the fiow of the water under pressure through said port to the cylinder-chamber B2. By pressure on the piston f3 the valve fis then forced over, opening communication from the chamber B to the port c and cutting off the port Z1 from said chamber and opening communication from said port to the discharge-port a2. This causes the reverse stroke of lthe piston E, the water passing through the port c and pipe c and passage c2 to the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder D, and the`watcr passingin from the lower end of said cylinder, through the pipe h and port o, to thedischarge-port a3. The piston E then descends in the cylinder D, the air entering the compressing-cylinder L above the compressing-piston M through the valve s, and

said piston M forcing the air through lthe passage r2 and pipe o2, through the valvechamber fu', and thence to the discharge-pipe u2. When the lip e2 on the piston E strikes the yoke p of the bar P through the cranklever 7', it forces the valve 7c to the position originally occupied by it, so cutting off the port h from the supplychamber B and opening communication from that port to the eX- haust-passage i2, and at the same time uncovering the port g, so that the'water Linder pressure will pass from the supply-chamber B to the cylindrical chamber B and force the valve f back to the position shown in Fig. l, causing t-he iiow of the water under pressure through 'the port l) and pipe h to the lower end of the hydraulic cylinder and causing the reverse stroke of the cylinder, as above described.

The movements of the different parts of the pump arefrcgular and direct acting, while the parts employed are simple in construction and not liable to get out of order.

Practical operation of the pump has proven it effective for the purposes intended.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In pumps, the combination of the base A, having the supply-'chamber B and cylindrical chambers B' B2, the passages g 7L', extending between the chamber B and outer ends of the cylindrical chambers B B2, respectively, the reversing-valve f, operated by pistons in said cylindrical chambers, the horizontal sliding valve 71; in the chamber B, controlling the passages g h', the pumping-cylinder directly above the chamber B, the piston E, reciprocating therein, lever-connections from said piston to the slide-valve 71;, passages leading to the respective ends of the pumping-cylinder and controlled by the valve f, and a compressing-piston operated by the pump-piston, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

2. Inpumps, the combination of the base A, having the supply-chamber B and cylindrical chambers B B2, and having passages g h', extending between the chamber B and outer ends of the chambers B B2, respectively, the reversing-valve f, operated by pistons in said cylindrical chambers, the slidevalve 7D' in the chamber B, controlling the passages g 71,', the pumping-cylinder resting on the base A, the piston E, reciprocating therein, the bar p, sliding within the piston, and the lever r, pivoted in the lower head of the pumping-cylinder and engaging with the bar p, valve la, passages leading to the respective ends of the pumping-cylinder and controlled by the valve f, and a compressing-piston operated `by the pump-piston, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said IVASHING- TON G. STITT, have hereunto set my hand.

IVASHINGTON G. STITT.

IVitneSSeS:

JAMES l. KAY, J. N. COOKE. 

